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Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices.〔
HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, and transfusions. An estimated 150–200 million people worldwide are infected with .〔〔 The existence of – originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis – was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. infects only humans and chimpanzees. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.
The virus persists in the liver in about 85% of those infected. This chronic infection can be treated with medication: the standard therapy is a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin, with either boceprevir or telaprevir added in some cases. Globally, an estimated 50–95% of people treated are cured.〔 With more recently developed medications cure rates are around 80 to 95%.〔 Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation.〔 No vaccine against is available. About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer from hepatitis C occurred in 2013, up from 198,000 in 1990.〔 An additional 358,000 in 2013 occurred due to cirrhosis.
==Signs and symptoms==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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